Localized Seed Selection / ECIWO

[saskafarian]

from http://www.new-holistic-medicine.com/eciwo-seed-selection.html

ECIWO seed selection
How to Rejuvenate Worn-out and Inbred Crops Using Localized Seed Selection

You are about to be introduced to a new frontier of science, a new branch of biology that will forever change the way you think about seed production and genetics.

Biology professor Yingqing Zhang at Shandong University, in the People’s Republic of China, put forth the theory of ECIWO biology, which has applications in medicine, genetics, biochemistry, agriculture and other sciences. ECIWO (Embryo Containing the Information of the Whole Organism) biology applications for seed selection are revolutionary, simple, and any seed producer can quickly come to understand and master.

Many plants can be propagated asexually through cuttings and tissue culture. A somatic cell (nonembryonic cell) contains all the genetic information to be able to develop into a new complete organism. Plants are made of cells, and cells form into the various plant parts. These parts are called ECIWOs i.e. cells, branches, leaves, flowers etc.

Every ECIWO has its corresponding relationship to every other ECIWO of the same organism. This is called the bio-holographic law. In other words, a sprout on a branch is a new little plant on the bigger plant.

Let us take the shape of a leaf; if the leaf is long and narrow, the entire plant tends to grow long and narrow. If a leaf is wide at the bottom and narrow at the top, the plant will also, as a whole, be shaped similarly. Obovate leaves indicate that the leaves are on the ends of the branches.

Flower petals indicate where they are located on the plant. If the petals are wide at the top and narrow at the bottom they tend to be born at the top of the plant or at the end of the branches. If the petals are triangular (narrow at the top) the flowers tend to be borne at the bottom of the branches such as in eggplants.

Fruits also often indicate their position by their shape. Figs are narrow at the top and wide at the end are borne at the ends of the branches. Peaches are round and are borne more towards the middle of the branches.

Wheat seed has its greatest genetic potential for producing seed at the middle of the spike. Chinese agronomists have painstakingly taken the grains from each position on the spike from hundreds of wheat plants and planted the seed. The differences in yields are remarkable.

Yields are increased 13. 90% to16.95% over using the seed from the whole spike. Starting from the bottom, the 4th seed position up to about the 12th is where the greatest genetic potential exists for high grain yields. The awns on the spike are modified leaves or ECIWOs, which explains why seed is chosen from the middle instead of the top of the spike.

There is also a correlation between seed size and its genetic potential position on the wheat spike. The biggest seeds grow the most grain. Chinese researchers have developed a seed separator that separates the small wheat seed from the large seed. Yields using this seed are 11.3% higher than seed used from the whole spike.

Since there are more seed with medium or inferior genetic potential on a plant than that of superior quality, using all the seed will cause the variety to degenerate. Studies on 6 wheat varieties show that yields decrease 1.54% to 3.49% per year. In a few years the variety will be weak and worn out.

It can take 10 years to develop a new outstanding wheat variety. Much time and effort can be saved using localized seed selection to improve old varieties and develop new varieties, because it is now known where the superior seeds are located.

Sorghum and millet seed for grain production are chosen from the top of the seed head. The seed head is an ECIWO, like a small plant on the big plant, the top corresponds to seed production, the middle to forage production and the bottom for root production. Seed chosen from the top has 6.4% to 26.3% higher yield of grain than seed from the bottom of the ear.

An ear of corn grows on the middle of the corn stalk. Seed chosen from the middle of the ear has the greatest genetic potential for seed production. Studies have shown seed selected from the middle of the ear will yield from 5.9% to 19.9% higher than seed from the lower or upper thirds of the ear. Yields as high as 35% greater have been recorded.

In potatoes the lower part of the plant is what we want to develop. When selecting seed potatoes, the lower half or distal end of the potato is used and yields up to 20% more potatoes. The upper half may be used for consumption. Also the potatoes can be cut vertically and will give greater yields that when using mixed top and bottom halves.

Top halves yield the least. The distal bud on the deepest, largest potatoes have the greatest genetic potential for tuber production. Viruses don’t exist evenly in the tuber; this same distal bud has the least virus. Therefore, by growing plants from this distal bud we can get rid of viruses.

Rice grain is born on the top of the plant and seed is selected from the upper 1/3 of the panicles. Yield increases up to 17% higher than when the whole panicle is used for seed. For even greater efficiency the lower grains can be cut off while developing, putting all the plant’s energy into the upper 1/3 forming seeds.

For Chinese cabbage, seed is selected from the lower middle near the main stem. Yields increase 11-18.5%.

Seed for turnips are collected from the lower middle region of the first lateral branches. Yields increase 14-23%.

Cucumber seed is harvested from the second or third fruit near the middle lower section of the plant. Yield increase is 10%.

Pole bean seed is selected in the lower regions and bush beans are chosen at the middle region. General yield increase: 5- 10%.

Choose the lower sprouts of sweet potatoes for transplanting, studies show yield increases of 13.2% to over 30%.

By choosing flower seeds for floral culture from only the top, flowers will have a greater uniformity in flowering time and a larger percentage of marketable flowers. If seeds were saved only from the second from the top flowers, blooming time will be 5 to 7 days later. Seed from the 3rd flowers will be even later to bloom and will have smaller inferior flowers.

Choosing seed from only from the side branches can increase the sugar content of beets. Sugar content increases 6% to 6.9% by using cuttings from the side buds of the root. However, the plants grow slower with smaller roots. The most vigorous plants come from seed produced from the lower seeds from the middle of the seed stalk. Plant breeders can cross high sugar cultivars with vigorous growing beets to produce improved varieties.

ECIWO theory explains why carrots can inbreed or degenerate in just 2 generations. I have been frustrated growing carrot seed; after 2 generations the carrots grow as big as my thumb and have a greater tendency to bolt. Naturally, I have been selecting seed from the big beautiful umbel on top, thus I was selecting for top growth instead of large roots.

These principles may have been known long ago, ECIWO theory can easily explain how Beta vulgaris could be developed into garden and sugar beets, mangels and Swiss chard; or how Brassica oleracea could have been developed into cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, kale, kohlrabi, Brussels sprouts or collards.

Localized selected seed is now used in China on many thousands of hectares providing increased yields and economic returns.

ECIWO theory explains why varieties degenerate and the genetic variation at the different seed production locations on plants. Thus, through a simple technique that any backyard gardener can understand, old worn-out varieties can be rejuvenated using localized seed selection.

This is a new field of study that is wide open for new discoveries, and there is much research that is needed for many different crops, ranging from field and vegetable crops to pomology and viticulture. I also believe that even new crops can be developed from wild plants using these principles.

References:

Zhang Yingqing, ECIWO biology and medicine, Neimengga People’s Press. 1987

Zhang, Yingqing,. The 1985 Publication of an Outline of ECIWO biology, 1990 English translation by Y. Wang and Z.Y. Hu, from Holographic Biology Research 1985, Shandong University Press, Pp, 1-21.

Progress in ECIWO Biology and its Applications to Medicine and Agronomy: Proceedings of the First International Congress of ECIWO Biology (Singapore), edited by T.T. Ang and Y.G. Shi. Beijing: Higher Education Press, Pp. 52-81.

Fu Zhaolin, A study of Wheat ECIWO Localized Seed Selection, Proceedings of the 3rd International Congress of ECIWO Biology. 1996

Bi Yihua, A Summary of the Tests of Wheat ECIWO Localized Seed Selection, Ibid.

Shi Zhenyun, Researches into ECIWO Localized Seed Selection (LSS) in Increasing Stem Tuber Yield, Ibid.

Xing Zuofu, Li Jingyang, Mao Guiying, Shen Cuizhen, Shen Lizhi, Zhang Yuguang, Cui Xuemei, Achievements in the Application Research of ECIWO Localized Seed Selection, Ibid.

Shixian Zhang, A Summary of the Test on Rice ECIWO Localized Seed Selection, Ibid.

Wang Ruiku, Liu Xidong, Du Jingsheng, ECIWO Biological Researches into Potatoes Multi-Level and Multi-Orientation ECIWO Localized Seed Selection, Ibid.

Lu Shide, Guo Shucai, Sun Honglai, Sun Wenjun, Liu Juntian and Cheng Xiatiang, A Summary of the Bio-Holographic Localized Seed Selection Experiment on Sorghum. (Seed Supply Center of Yishui County, Shandong, P.R. China).

Wei Sanli, An Application of ECIWO Biology in Horticulture, Biology College, Beijing Agriculture University, P.R. China.

© Stephen Coleman 2004

A few anecdotal comments:

Buffalo Bird Woman, a 19th century Native American comments on traditional gardening. These traditions have been handed down from perhaps pre-columbian times and they used similar ECIWO seed selection techniques.

A Mexican friend tells me his family specialized in raising seed corn in a remote area of Mexico. They choose the seed from the middle of the ear and kept that as a family secret. He said the grew they best seed in the area.

Native Americans in the southwest traditionally saved corn seed from the bottom of the ear. This produced small corn cobs and plants with massive root systems capable of surviving the dry conditions of the desert climate.

I myself have improved a landrace hulless barley with ECIWO seed saving techniques to the point that it out-yields modern hulless varities.

[zif]

Interesting ideas, but I think the idea of using seed selection using ECIWO (Embryo Containing the Information of the Whole Organism) is pretty crazy. I'd much rather select for observable qualities, than expect to improve plants just by picking seeds from an arbitrary part of the plant.

Ever noticed all the cannabis look-alikes? There are many plants with cannabis-like leaves, and yet they all have totally different forms. Nevermind the diversity of plants with similar simple leaf structures but totally different growth patterns. That's just way too broad a generalization....

zif

[c-ray]

Luther Burbank, arguably the most prolific and diverse plant breeder of modern times, had a very similar whacked out theory that if you counted down the seeds that formed starting from the apex of the spiral at the tip of each bud and wrapping down the sprial of each bud that each one had different qualities. For instance perhaps the top seed would be a better yielder, the third seed would make more aromatic flowers, the 6th seed would grow plants with stronger root structures, etc...something like that. He actually took the time to pick specifically located seeds from the plants and would then grow them by the thousands. I think it's an idea that merits further study, though one should ideally be selecting for observable qualities first and foremost, then select and label seeds specifically located seeds from the prime candidates. There would be nothing to lose by such a study, except maybe a bit of effort. I am in particular curious about the differences in seeds collected from early pollinated pre-flowers compared to seeds collected from the later bud. With a large enough sample size definite correlations or lack thereof could be determined.

[zif]

c-ray,
Interesting story about Burbank. It's hard to discount any theory of his, given his incredible success with varietal development. Of course, his prime mantra was numbers, numbers, numbers - absolutely correct, but difficult for the cannabis breeder in today's world.
The pessimistic argument would be that meiosis is blind to where it is happening, and therefore genetic assortment will not be influenced by the macroscopic characteristics suggested here. An obvious counter is that the plant is not necessarily blind to the genetic potential of seeds it is devoting its resources to giving life. The question, though, is what qualities of a given location on the floral spike might realistically affect the mother plant's selection of offspring, assuming she culls inferior genetic combinations.
Of course, her ability to provide resources to different seeds is a possible non-genetic mechanism for these kinds of effects. Should we go further than being cautious about utilizing white or inadequately developed embryos to actively selecting the most well developed? Is that even a start? Damned thought provoking stuff indeed....

[c-ray]

yes definitely the seed plants should be allowed to go as absolutely long as possible, until the seeds are falling out of the pods, for many reasons one simple one being an immature seed though potentially genetically superior will often get culled back because it's seedling shows a lack of vigor in comparison to it's sibs, though not by it's own fault..

[BravoC.D.]

wow, i read this else where and was just thinking about it. good to see you posted the study sas.

[c-ray]

but wait there's more


The Outline of the ECIWO Theory
ECIWO Biology Institute of Shandong University

Yingqing Zhang, Professor
(ECIWO Biology Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China)

Do various organs or various relatively independent parts of the plant have the same essence? It also can say, are branches, leaves, leaflets, leaf lobes, veins, leaf bunches, flowers, calyxes, petals, carpels, stamens, pollens, roots, cells etc. all the same in essence? This is an important problem of universal significance in botany.

Previous studies have not solved the problem. For example, Goethe believed various organs of the plant are all the metamorphosis of the leaf. But Bower thought that leaves are secondary and it is branches that are the basic units of the plant. Though these results are very useful to explain the evolution among some organs, the same essence of all organs of the plant has not been found. However, I find that each of various organs or various relatively independent parts of the plant is a specialized new individual being both at a certain stage of its own ontogenesis and a component of the plant, and discover the essential unity of various organs of the plant. It provides a completely new view of the plant for understanding anew multitudinous problems in botany, and opens a way for directionally changing the characters of the plant according to human needs.

In the past, the term Embryo meant a new individual at the early stage of ontogenesis, namely, the young. However, I use the term Embryo in wide sense and it means generally a new individual that may be at every stage of ontogenesis, no matter whether it is at early, middle or late stage. For example, the zygote can be regarded as a embryo at the earliest stage of ontogenesis, and adult can be regarded as a embryo at the very late stage of ontogenesis. I have put forward the view that an organism not only develops from an embryo but also is composed of multitudinous embryos at various levels below the whole organism. An embryo composing the organism has three characteristics: 1, it lives in the parent body and is a component of the parent body; 2, it is specialized and performs a certain function in the organism to serve the whole; 3, it is at a certain stage of its own ontogenesis, and in many cases, it cannot continue to develop into an independent adult because the embryo is specialized and the whole organism inhibits its development. I have named such an embryo an ECIWO (an acronym for Embryo Containing the Information of the Whole Organism). The definition of the ECIWO is a specialized embryo being both at a certain stage of its own ontogenesis and a component of the whole organism.

This paper will prove that various organs or various relatively independent parts of a plant, such as branches, leaves, leaflets, leaf lobes, veins, leaf bunches, flowers, calyxes, petals, carpels, stamens, pollens, roots, metamorphosis branches and leaves, cells, etc. are all ECIWOs. This paper will found the plant ECIWO theory and also explain anew the nature of the development and the reason for producing stipuls, prophylls of a branch and compound, lobose, or opposite leaves.

To sum up, the plant ECIWO theory has the following key points.


An ECIWO is a specialized embryo being both at a certain stage of development and a component of the whole plant. An ECIWO is a relatively independent new individual first, and then it may be the component of the plant. The condition that a part of a plant may be an ECIWO is that the part has relatively clear boundaries to its surrounding parts in structure and function, so it can relatively be isolated from other parts. In a plant, any relatively independent part with relatively clear boundaries to its surrounding parts in structure and function is an ECIWO.
The autonomous development of an ECIWO is the ontogenesis of the ECIWO as a relatively independent new individual. In a plant, each stage of the autonomous development of an ECIWO has its corresponding stage in the ontogenesis of the plant. An ECIWO at a certain stage of the autonomous development rough recapitulates the course from the early stage to the corresponding stage of the ontogenesis of the plant, and the ECIWO is similar in general character marks to the plant at the corresponding stage of the ontogenesis. ECIWOs may have different degrees of autonomous development and may also have different directions and different degrees of specialization, so they may have the ability of boundless metamorphoses and can become different organs and parts of the plant.
A plant is composed of multiplicate ECIWOs at different stages of development and with different specialization. A certain ECIWO can be divided into many ECIWOs of lower levels, and many ECIWOs can compose an ECIWO of a higher level. In a multi cellular plant, there exist multiple ECIWOs contained grade by grade between the level of the whole plant and the cell level, and the whole plant is the ECIWO whose developmental degree is the highest, and a single somatic cell is an ECIWO whose developmental degree is the lowest. They are both the special cases of the ECIWO. In a plant, there exist substance changes among different ECIWOs, and ECIWOs can coordinate each other and serve the whole plant.
The nature of the development of the plant is the ECIWO multiplication, the respective development of ECIWOs and the respective specialization of ECIWOs. In the past, the cell theory has discovered the unity among different cells, but it can not solve the problem of the unity of different organs above the cell level. However, the plant ECIWO theory has discovered that the various organs or the various relatively independent parts of each level from the cell to the whole plant are all ECIWOs and all have essential unity. The cell is only one kind of ECIWOs, so the cell theory of the plant has been contained by the plant ECIWO theory. The totipotency of the somatic cell is the basis of the existence of the ECIWO. Owing to the semiconservative replication of DNA and the mitosis of cells, in general, a somatic cell has the same whole set of genes as the zygote. In artificial medium, the somatic cell separated from the plant may develop into a new individual; but in thebody of the parent itself, namely the natural medium, the somatic cell that is not separated from the plant may also develop to a new individual and may specialize in the development course, so that any relatively independent part can become a specialized embryo at a certain stage of development, namely, an ECIWO. In addition, there is a clear and major difference between the plant ECIWO theory and the totipotency theory of the somatic cell. The latter points out that the somatic cell has the latent ability to develop to a new individual, while the former points out that it is a fact that the somatic cell develops to anew individual in the natural plant itself. The totipotency theory of the somatic cell alone can not explain the nature of various organs or relatively independent parts of the plant, and can not explain the unity and the variety of various organs or various relatively independent parts of the plant either.


The plant ECIWO theory discovers that a plant consists of symbiotic and multiple ECIWOs. And different parts of a plant are the same in essence, namely, they are all ECIWOs. So, the theory has provided a completely new view of the plant. This may be a fundamental and conceptual change for botany, so it will exert important influence on various theoretical and applied fields related to plants. For an example, an ECIWO is a new individual in essence, so it can have both heredity and variability, and the variability is determined to a great extent by the certain character of the position where the ECIWO lives in the parent, and the variability in the progeny is towards increasing the certain character of the position of the parent. So, that the ECIWO at the certain position is used as the reproduce material may set off the directive variation. About this problem, I have advanced the theory of the dynamic equilibrium between cDNA retrojoining and loss in the genome, the theory of ECIWO localized seed selection being effective, the method of the ECIWO localized seed selection and the theory of the trans-geno combination for the strength of the expected character based on the ECIWO theory. The method of the ECIWO localized seed selection has been used successfully in the fields of agriculture, horticulture, plant tissue culture etc.16 The plant ECIWO theory also has a general biological significance. It will greatly help people to understand and accept the general ECIWO theory that the general organism including the human body and other animals is composed of ECIWOs.


List of Prof. Yingqing Zhang's Publications (in English)


ECIWO and Its Application to Medicine: New Discoveries of the Unity Among the Different Structural Units of an Organism and the Physiological or Pathological Correlation in a human Body, 147pp.,Shandong Press of Science and Technology, 1991
ECIWO Theory in Medicine, 763pp., This book included practical papers of over 150 doctors. High Education Press, 1992
The Proceedings of Third International Congress of ECIWO Biology and The First International Congress of ECIWO Acupuncture Medicine, 500pp., This book included practical papers of over 200 doctors. Qingdao Publishing House,1996
A New View of the Organism -- The ECIWO and Its Solution of some Challenging Problems In the Frontiers of Medicine and Biology, 173pp. Peace Book Co. Ltd. Hong Kong, 1992
Progress in ECIWO Biology and Its Applications to Medicine and Agronomy, Including 61 clinic papers by nearly 80 doctors. 639pp. High Education Press,1990
ECIWO Biology and Medicine: A New Theory of Conquering Cancer and a Completely New Acupuncture Therapy. This book is translated from Chinese book " ECIWO Diagnosis and Therapy", 257pp. Neimenggu People's Press, 1987.
Videotape, 90 minutes, including 3 films. (a) ECIWO: a New Discovery in Biology. (b) ECIWO Diagnosis and therapy. (c) ECIWO View of the Human Body.



List of ECIWO Medical Instruments


Electroeciwograph for diagnosis
ECIWO Instrument for Treatment

[outdoordreams]

This is amazing research!

[c-ray]

The Institute of ECIWO Biology
Shandong University

http://www.eciwo.sdu.edu.cn

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XXRw38_QcVg

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-08LrK5fUY

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1e4JxpRxJgM

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qLMx2W4ub04

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mJiFr2OVhLw

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fVXHGQDrTkE

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dfhqzDGWpWI

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xra1LzfKDUw

[c-ray]

from http://www.dark-field.com/detail.asp?nid=22

Embryo containing the information of the whole organism
7/24/2008

The Outline of the ECIWO Theory

Yingqing Zhang, Professor
(ECIWO Biology Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China)
　

Do various organs or various relatively independent parts of the plant have the same essence? It also can say, are branches, leaves, leaflets, leaf lobes, veins, leaf bunches, flowers, calyxes, petals, carpels, stamens, pollens, roots, cells etc. all the same in essence? This is an important problem of universal significance in botany.

Previous studies have not solved the problem. For example, Goethe believed various organs of the plant are all the metamorphosis of the leaf. But Bower thought that leaves are secondary and it is branches that are the basic units of the plant. Though these results are very useful to explain the evolution among some organs, the same essence of all organs of the plant has not been found. However, I find that each of various organs or various relatively independent parts of the plant is a specialized new individual being both at a certain stage of its own ontogenesis and a component of the plant, and discover the essential unity of various organs of the plant. It provides a completely new view of the plant for understanding anew multitudinous problems in botany, and opens a way for directionally changing the characters of the plant according to human needs.

In the past, the term Embryo meant a new individual at the early stage of ontogenesis, namely, the young. However, I use the term Embryo in wide sense and it means generally a new individual that may be at every stage of ontogenesis, no matter whether it is at early, middle or late stage. For example, the zygote can be regarded as a embryo at the earliest stage of ontogenesis, and adult can be regarded as a embryo at the very late stage of ontogenesis. I have put forward the view that an organism not only develops from an embryo but also is composed of multitudinous embryos at various levels below the whole organism. An embryo composing the organism has three characteristics: 1, it lives in the parent body and is a component of the parent body; 2, it is specialized and performs a certain function in the organism to serve the whole; 3, it is at a certain stage of its own ontogenesis, and in many cases, it cannot continue to develop into an independent adult because the embryo is specialized and the whole organism inhibits its development. I have named such an embryo an ECIWO(an acronym for Embryo Containing the Information of the Whole Organism). The definition of the ECIWO is a specialized embryo being both at a certain stage of its own ontogenesis and a component of the whole organism.

This paper will prove that various organs or various relatively independent parts of a plant, such as branches, leaves, leaflets, leaf lobes, veins, leaf bunches, flowers, calyxes, petals, carpels, stamens, pollens, roots, metamorphosis branches and leaves, cells, etc. are all ECIWOs. This paper will found the plant ECIWO theory and also explain anew the nature of the development and the reason for producing stipuls, prophylls of a branch and compound, lobose, or opposite leaves.

To sum up, the plant ECIWO theory has the following key points.

① An ECIWO is a specialized embryo being both at a certain stage of development and a component of the whole plant. An ECIWO is a relatively independent new individual first, and then it may be the component of the plant. The condition that a part of a plant may bean ECIWO is that the part has relatively clear boundaries to its surrounding parts in structure and function, so it can relatively be isolated from other parts. In a plant, any relatively independent part with relatively clear boundaries to its surrounding parts in structure and function is an ECIWO.

② The autonomous development of an ECIWO is the ontogenesis of the ECIWO as a relatively independent new individual. In a plant, each stage of the autonomous development of an ECIWO has its corresponding stage in the ontogenesis of the plant. An ECIWO at a certain stage of the autonomous development rough recapitulates the course from the early stage to the corresponding stage of the ontogenesis of the plant, and the ECIWO is similar in general character marks to the plant at the corresponding stage of the ontogenesis. ECIWOs may have different degrees of autonomous development and may also have different directions and different degrees of specialization, so they may have the ability of boundless metamorphoses and can become different organs and parts of the plant.

③ A plant is composed of multiplicate ECIWOs at different stages of development and with different specialization. A certain ECIWO can be divided into many ECIWOs of lower levels, and many ECIWOs can compose an ECIWO of a higher level. In a multi cellular plant, there exist multiple ECIWOs contained grade by grade between the level of the whole plant and the cell level, and the whole plant is the ECIWO whose developmental degree is the highest, and a single somatic cell is an ECIWO whose developmental degree is the lowest. They are both the special cases of the ECIWO. In a plant, there exist substance changes among different ECIWOs, and ECIWOs can coordinate each other and serve the whole plant.

④ The nature of the development of the plant is the ECIWO multiplication, the respective development of ECIWOs and the respective specialization of ECIWOs. In the past, the cell theory has discovered the unity among different cells, but it can not solve the problem of the unity of different organs above the cell level. However, the plant ECIWO theory has discovered that the various organs or the various relatively independent parts of each level from the cell to the whole plant are all ECIWOs and all have essential unity. The cell is only one kind of ECIWOs, so the cell theory of the plant has been contained by the plant ECIWO theory. The totipotency of the somatic cell is the basis of the existence of the ECIWO. Owing to the semiconservative replication of DNA and the mitosis of cells, in general, a somatic cell has the same whole set of genes as the zygote. In artificial medium, the somatic cell separated from the plant may develop into a new individual; but in thebody of the parent itself, namely the natural medium, the somatic cell that is not separated from the plant may also develop to a new individual and may specialize in the development course, so that any relatively independent part can become a specialized embryo at a certain stage of development, namely, an ECIWO. In addition, there is a clear and major difference between the plant ECIWO theory and the totipotency theory of the somatic cell. The latter points out that the somatic cell has the latent ability to develop to a new individual, while the former points out that it is a fact that the somatic cell develops to anew individual in the natural plant itself. The totipotency theory of the somatic cell alone can not explain the nature of various organs or relatively independent parts of the plant, and can not explain the unity and the variety of various organs or various relatively independent parts of the plant either.

The plant ECIWO theory discovers that a plant consists of symbiotic and multiple ECIWOs. And different parts of a plant are the same in essence, namely, they are all ECIWOs. So, the theory has provided a completely new view of the plant. This may be a fundamental and conceptual change for botany, so it will exert important influence on various theoretical and applied fields related to plants. For an example, an ECIWO is a new individual in essence, so it can have both heredity and variability, and the variability is determined to a great extent by the certain character of the position where the ECIWO lives in the parent, and the variability in the progeny is towards increasing the certain character of the position of the parent. So, that the ECIWO at the certain position is used as the reproduce material may set off the directive variation. About this problem, I have advanced the theory of the dynamic equilibrium between cDNA retrojoining and loss in the genome, the theory of ECIWO localized seed selection being effective, the method of the ECIWO localized seed selection and the theory of the trans-geno combination for the strength of the expected character based on the ECIWO theory. The method of the ECIWO localized seed selection has been used successfully in the fields of agriculture, horticulture, plant tissue culture etc.16 The plant ECIWO theory also has a general biological significance. It will greatly help people to understand and accept the general ECIWO theory that the general organism including the human body and other animals is composed of ECIWOs.

[c-ray]

does this info have implications in the location on the plant that we take cuttings from? I believe so..

[outdoordreams]

I would agree.
I remember reading about the differences in yields of crops grown from seed selected from different parts of the plant. Seeds from the top of your plant will act differently than seeds from the bottom of your plant. Same would go for cuttings. (see video #3 aswell)

Now If we take the pollen from a certain position on our male plant and pollenate a female at the same position. Or do we want the Top male pollen on a lower female branch.

Is there a secret location to micropropagate?

After watching the first video in post #9, I liked the leaf to plant comparison.

Video #3......is there THC in your roots?

[c-ray]

yeah dude never even got into localized pollen selection.. I'd say it's best to collect pollen from same area as is being pollinated, or just remove all the undersirable male branches and ideally get some bees to do the job

we need to keep in mind that sometimes we want to select for different traits other than yield so maybe this is a path too

[c-ray]

from http://alanbishop.proboards.com/index.cgi?board=alt&action=display&thread=5587

Larger seeds tend to produce larger plants because they get going quicker after planting, and more leaf area at an earlier stage allows more sunlight to be captured.

Many seed companies inherently know this and have implemented the practice of discarding the smaller seeds before selling them. With current seed sorting equipment the process is done automatically without the need of selecting individual seeds. One enterprising seed company I saw even went so far as to only offer for sale the largest 10% of their seed crop. It's harder to do this however with the hand collection systems used by small scale growers, so knowing which parts of the plant produce larger seeds can be helpful.

I agree that the practice of planting only the largest seeds on a plant may improve cultural aspects of the crop: The phenotype. But I can't see how it would do anything to improve the genotype.

and

There is definitely a cultural disconnect going on. (The article was apparently written by Stephen M. Coleman of California, who seems to have a limited understanding of genetics.) The first time I read it I was going to write a scathing rebuke... However, on a second reading the article contains much valuable information if I can overlook the obvious glaring flaws...

The basic premise of the the work of professor Zhang in China is that some parts of the plant produce larger seeds that grow more vigorously than other parts of the plant, due to either more stored energy or less virus load. And that if we plant the better seeds that we will get larger harvests. It's a subtle effect (around 5% to 20%) that might not be noticed unless one was doing careful measurements.... Who would notice if their pole bean crop produced 86,000 beans instead of 80,000? That difference is smaller than the year to year variation due to weather, and it's smaller than the plant to plant differences in the same year due to variability in the soil.

So when it speaks of "variety improvement" or "genetic potential", I interpret that, from my western perspective, as synonyms for Mendelian genetics.... But the article is really talking about what I would call the phenotype: The measurable characteristics of the plant after it has interacted with it's environment, and not about the actual genes of the plant... After all, the method is called something like "every part of the plant is genetically the same as every other part".

I'm speculating that we could get similar improvement in yield by planting the seed producing plants at wider spacings in richer soils with a more favorable water/sunlight regimen: The idea being that larger less virus loaded propagules produce better plants and thus higher yields.

It's easy to say that the position of a corn kernel on the cob affects it's phenotype and the phenotype of the plant it produces the next year... We have a long tradition in the usa of selecting corn seeds for planting from the middle third of the cob because the tip kernels tend to be small and to produce less vigorous plants, (who knows why the bottom 1/3 isn't favored....)

The paragraph about inbreeding of carrots, and the paragraph about Beta vulgaris, and the speculation about domesticating wild plants are unfortunate (and should be deleted by Mr. Coleman from his web site in order to make professor Zhang's work more accessible to western scientists, farmers, and plant

and

I have often wondered about epigenetics as it relates to fowl and livestock... Domesticated pheasants released into the wild sure are different behaviorally. There's the cultural aspects of incubator raised birds not having a role model to teach them proper pheasant culture, but I wonder if there ain't an epigenetic component as well, especially associated with female cells, even if it gets lost by the male cells.

And in regards to plants, I wonder if part of localizing a plant to my garden has an epigenetic component as well, of certain previously inactive genes being activated already in the embryo because something about my garden triggered their activation in the mother plant.

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from http://www.eciwo.sdu.edu.cn/zhang/zh3.html

The ECIWO theory can be summed up into the following 4 key points:

1. An ECIWO is a specialized embryo at a certain stage of development, which is a component of an organism. An ECIWO is first a relatively independent unit of development, and many also have different directions and different degrees of specialization, so they have the ability of boundless metamorphoses and can thereby become the different organs or parts of an organism.

2. The ECIWO is a universal structural and functional unit constituting an organism. An organism is composed of multilevel ECIWOs at different stages of development and with different specialization. In an organism any relatively independent part relatively clear boundaries to its surrounding regions in both structure and function is an ECIWO. A certain ECIWO can be divided into many ECIWO of lower levels. And many ECIWOs can compose an ECIWO of a higher. In a multicellular organism. Between the level of the individual whole body and the level of the cell, there exist ECIWOs contained grade by grade. An individual whole body is an ECIWO whose developmental degree is the highest, and a single somatic cell is an ECIWO whose developmental degree is the lowest. They are both special cases of the ECIWO.

3. A certain ECIWO develops from an ECIWO with a lower degree of development. In an organism coming from sexual reproduction, the common origin of all the ECIWOs is a zygote. Starting from cleavage, it is a process in development and specialization. The products. Namely new ECIWOs. Of each composed reproduction do not break away from the parent body. An organism is a clone composed of ECIWOs. The essence of the ontogenesis of an organism is the multiplication and the respective specialization of ECIWOs in the organism itself, a common natural culture medium.

4. In an organism. There exists constant substance exchange between different ECIWOs. So that the different ECIWOs in an organism may have basically the same living conditions and can coordinate with each other to serve whole body.

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from http://www.infiniteunknown.net/2011/08/21/chinese-suppress-acupuncture-discoveries/

The Bioholographic law has many applications to the entire field of biology. It can tell you that seeds located on different parts of a plant have differing genetic properties, that these properties are not random.

Knowing this, a wheat breeder can develop a fine new wheat variety in only 4 years, rather than the usual 10 to 12 years. Also old “worn out” varieties can be rejuvenated to the vigor of the first original cross.

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from http://www.eciwo.sdu.edu.cn/net/net027.html

Progress in ECIWO Biology and Its Applications to Medicine and Agronomy, Including 61 clinic papers by nearly 80 doctors. 639pp. High Education Press,1990

Part 4

ECIWO THEORY'S VERIFICATIONS OR APPLICATIONS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, GENETICS, AGRONOMY, HORTICULTURE BIOLOGY, PALEONTOLOGY AND CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINE

Research on holographic distribution of RNA content in the ECIWO of rice head
by Yongzai Ye........................................567

ECIWO localized seed selection of crops and achievements of its applications
by Xing Zuofu........................................570

Effects of ECIWO localized seed selection in increasing yields
by Liu Zhenting......................................572

Experiment of ECIWO localized seed selection of maize
by Sun Qinghai, et al................................574

Preliminary study of the bio-holographic phenomenon in potato (Solanum tuberosum)
by Pan Chongguang, et al.............................579

Summary of experiments of ECIWO localized seed selection of potatoes
by Chen Yuanhong, et al..............................586

An application of bioª²holographic law in cotton production
by Zhou Zhenxiang....................................589

A summary of ECIWO localized seed selection on maize experiment
by Sun Wenjun, et al.................................593

A summary of the bi-holographic localized seed selection experiment on sorghum
by Lu Shide, et al...................................596

ECIWO localized seed selection in the holographic region of rice for increasing yields: an experiment
by Zhang Shixian.....................................599

biochemical and genetical basis for seed selection in special regions in accordance with the bio- holographic law (ECIWO localized seed selection)
by Wang Guixue, et al................................601

An application of ECIWO biology in horticulture
by Wei Sanli.........................................606

Reconstruction of holographic life form in paleobotany and paleoclimatic indication of Shanwang miocene flora
by Yang Hong.........................................616

On the holographic character of the palaeobotanic morphology and structure
by Li Jinbao.........................................618

An embryonic property of ECIWO shown by the distribution of some chemical components in different regions of Chinese herbs
by Chen Herong, et al................................619

Annual rings in tree bark and the phenomena of bio-holography
by Zhao Zhongzhen....................................622

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from http://www.eciwo.sdu.edu.cn/net/net07.html

The Proceedings of Third International Congress of ECIWO Biology and The First International Congress of ECIWO Acupuncture Medicine, Qingdao Publishing House,1996

Editors:
Yingqing Zhang, Wang Zhaoqin, Yang Zhang (China), Yiding Wang (U.S.A.)

Part 6

The Holographic Phenomenon in vitro Organogenesis of Cucumber Cotyledon
Tang zhaoqi et al...........................................340

Achievements in the Application Research of ECIWO Localized Seed Selection
Xing Zuofu et al. ......................................... 346

A Summary of the Test on Rice ECIWO Localized Seed Selection
Zhang Shixian........................................... ... 362

Researches into ECIWO Localized Seed Selection ( LSS ) in Increasing Stem Tuber Yield
Shi Zhenyun........................................... ..... 365

A Summary of the Tests on Sorghum ECIWO Timed Seed Selection
Jingyang et al..............................................36 8

Research into Buckwheat ECIWO Localized Seed Selection
Wu Yusheng........................................... ...... 372

Experiment on Camellia Chrysantha Cuttage Guided by ECIWO Theory
Liang Yongshi ..............................................376

ECIWO Quantitative Analysis of Degeneration Rate of Wheat Varieties
Fu Zhaolin et al......................................... ..382

A Study of the Selective Effects of Processing the F2 Colonies of Wheat with ECIWO Localized Seed Selection on the Yield Character of Single Plants
Fu Zhaolin ................................................ 389

A Summary of the Tests of Wheat ECIWO Localized Seed Selection
Bi Yihua .................................. ................393

A Study of Wheat ECIWO Localized Seed Selection
Fu Zhaolin ................................................ 396

A Study of Wheat ECIWO Localized Seed Selection: The Weight Differences of the Grains at Different Grain Location and Their Influence on the Yields of the Progeny
Zhaolin et al.............................................. 403

Test on Maize Inbred Line ECIWO Localized Seed Selection
Sun Honglai ............................................... 413

A Summary of the Tests on Maize ECIWO Timed Seed Selection
Xing Zuofu ................................................ 416

A Summary of the Serial Tests on Maize ECIWO Localized Seed Selection
Sun Wenjun et al. .......................................... 419

A Probe Into The Results of The Experiments Concerning ECIWO LSS in Increasing Maize Yield
Wang Changchun et al....................................... 423

A Summary of the Tests on Sorghum ECIWO Timed Seed Selection
Li Jingyang et al.......................................... 430

ECIWO Timed Seed Selection
Li Jingyang et al......................................... 434

ECIWO Project in Increasing Sugar Content in Beets
Wang Ruiku et al........................ ...................440

ECIWO Biological Research into Potatoes from the Morphological, Physiological and Developmental-Biological Points of View
Wang Ruiku et al........................................... 443

ECIWO Biological Researches into Potatoes Multi-Level and Multi-Orientation ECIWO LSS
Wang Ruiku et al........................................... 450